Standard & Poor's Ratings Services affirmed its unsolicited 'AAA/A-1+' long- and short-term foreign and local currency sovereign credit ratings on the Federal Republic of Germany. The outlook is stable.

The ratings on Germany reflect our view of its modern, highly diversified, and competitive economy, and the government's track record of prudent fiscal policies and expenditure discipline. Furthermore, we believe the German economy has demonstrated its ability to absorb large economic and financial shocks.

After slowing to an estimated 0.5% real GDP growth in 2013, we forecast the German economy will expand steadily over the medium term, averaging above 1.5% real GDP per capita growth in 2014-2016. Germany's economic model continues to be driven by high net exports as well as relative competitiveness achieved from years of corporate restructuring, wage restraints, and high savings rates. These factors have also enabled the country to generate sizable trade and current account surpluses, which have led to a solid net external creditor position (including nondebt assets and liabilities). In addition, we do not consider Germany's private- or public-sector balance sheets to be under any material strain. Unlike most other highly rated peers, Germany has avoided the need for significant private-sector deleveraging and fiscal consolidation.

Nevertheless, we expect consumption to expand only modestly despite the introduction of the minimum wage and recent increases in consumer confidence. The government will also maintain tight fiscal policies to comply with its constitutional fiscal rule. In addition, some of Germany's major trading partners are still reducing debt, which we believe will weaken external demand for German goods and services. As a result, we forecast the current account surplus to gradually shrink to 4.4% of GDP by 2016, from 7.0% in 2012.

Germany is primed for a period of balanced general government budgets. We believe balances will stay closely aligned to the new constitutional target of limiting structural federal government net lending to below 0.35% of GDP. In detail, we forecast deficits to average 0.17% of GDP in 2014-2016, a performance facilitated by the favorable growth environment.

We note that similar statutory fiscal constraints have had a poor track record in several other countries, but we believe that this institutional framework may be more effective in Germany because of long-standing public and political support for fiscal discipline. As evidence, the Social Democrats' return to government does not appear to challenge the medium-term fiscal plan. The constitutional limit should also, in our view, mitigate the consequences of Germany's federal system not typically lending itself to swift and efficient policymaking.

As a result of small deficits, we expect Germany's net general government burden to gradually decline to closer to 71% of GDP in 2016 from its current 77%. Under our methodology, this figure does not include liabilities arising from the various multilateral financial support mechanisms in the eurozone, which we consider to be contingent liabilities. Germany's European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) and European Stability Mechanism (ESM) liabilities could amount to as much as €235 billion or about 9% of GDP. However, this figure assumes the worst-case scenario--that the ESM would lend the maximum amount, that all borrowers would default, and that there would be no recovery at all.

Since this is a remote prospect, we currently do not consider this an immediate risk to the rating. Meanwhile, we believe Germany can carry a somewhat higher debt burden than many peers given its diverse and resilient economic structure as well as its access to low-cost capital market funding.

A deepening and prolonged eurozone crisis could hit Germany's economy in other ways. Direct exports to Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Greece were less than 4% of German GDP in 2013, according to official data. However, the exposure of Germany's financial institutions to strained eurozone economies remains significant. According to Bank for International Settlements data, German commercial bank claims at the end of June 2013 on the aforementioned countries, plus Cyprus, still totaled US$298 billion, or about 8.3% of GDP. This amount refers to total country claims, not only sovereign exposure. It is basically unchanged from a year earlier, when the eurozone debt crisis was at its peak, although these claims have decreased by more than half since the mid-2008 peak (in dollar terms). As a consequence, the substantial financial support made available to the eurozone periphery could significantly reduce the likelihood that Germany would need to provide further support to domestic banks, and the likelihood of an exogenous shock to Germany's economy.

From a monetary perspective, we consider Germany's eurozone membership to reduce its monetary flexibility, but we acknowledge that Germany has benefited from the euro's status as a reserve currency, as well as from the credibility of European Central Bank monetary policy. Germany's eurozone membership has also largely shielded the German tradables sector from currency appreciation pressure, supporting an increase in the export share to 52% of GDP in 2013, from an average of 26% of GDP in the five-year period preceding the introduction of the common currency.

Outlook

The stable outlook reflects our expectation that Germany's public finances will continue to withstand potential financial and economic shocks and that consensus in favor of prudent economic policies will remain. We expect these factors to contain the net general government debt ratio and sustain the economy's net external creditor position. The stable outlook is also predicated on our expectation of an orderly resolution of the simmering debt crisis in parts of the eurozone.

We could lower the ratings on Germany if, contrary to our current expectations, the net general government debt ratio increases significantly from its current level of just under 80% of GDP. This could occur, for example, if consistently larger-than-anticipated deficits significantly exceed the constitutional limit. An unexpected surge in contingent liabilities, particularly from the banking sector, or other contagion effects from a revived eurozone crisis, could also create downward pressure on the ratings. We currently do not expect these scenarios to materialize over the outlook horizon (up to 24 months).

standardandpoors.com

Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, part of The McGraw-Hill Companies (NYSE:MHP), is the world's leading provider of independent credit risk research and benchmarks. We publish more than a million credit ratings on debt issued by sovereign, municipal, corporate and financial sector entities. With over 1,400 credit analysts in 23 countries, and more than 150 years' experience of assessing credit risk, we offer a unique combination of global coverage and local insight. Our research and opinions about relative credit risk provide market participants with information and independent benchmarks that help to support the growth of transparent, liquid debt markets worldwide.

Recevez chaque matin par mail la newsletter Finyear, une sélection quotidienne des meilleures infos et expertises de la finance d’entreprise.
Lien direct : www.finyear.com/newsletter

Lisez chaque mois notre magazine digital sur www.finyear.com/magazine